In CNC programming, what does G-code control?

G-code, also known as preparatory code, is a language used in CNC programming to instruct the machine on how to perform tasks. Specifically, G-code controls the movements of the machine tool, directing it on where to move, how fast to move, and in what direction. This includes linear movements, circular interpolations, and other machining operations necessary to produce the desired part.

When a CNC program is executed, G-code commands inform the machine about the toolpath it should follow. These commands determine the position of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece, allowing for precise manufacturing processes. Understanding G-code is essential for programming CNC machines, as it is the primary means of conveying instructions for movement and operation.

While other aspects of the machining process, such as spindle speed or machine temperature, are important, they do not fall under the core function of G-code. Instead, they are typically controlled through different sets of codes or machine settings, which work alongside G-code to ensure a successful operation.